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psych

Star Watch Copy Code

Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research

View on CRAN: Click here

Download and install psych package within the R console
Install from CRAN:

 install.packages("psych")

Install from Github:

 library("remotes")

                        install_github("cran/psych")

Install by package version:

 library("remotes")

                        install_version("psych", "2.5.6")

Attach the package and use:

 library("psych")

Maintained by
William Revelle
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]

All associated links for this package

First Published: 2007-05-06

Latest Update: 2025-06-23

Description:

A general purpose toolbox developed originally for personality, psychometric theory and experimental psychology. Functions are primarily for multivariate analysis and scale construction using factor analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and reliability analysis, although others provide basic descriptive statistics. Item Response Theory is done using factor analysis of tetrachoric and polychoric correlations. Functions for analyzing data at multiple levels include within and between group statistics, including correlations and factor analysis. Validation and cross validation of scales developed using basic machine learning algorithms are provided, as are functions for simulating and testing particular item and test structures. Several functions serve as a useful front end for structural equation modeling. Graphical displays of path diagrams, including mediation models, factor analysis and structural equation models are created using basic graphics. Some of the functions are written to support a book on psychometric theory as well as publications in personality research. For more information, see the web page.

How to cite:

William Revelle (2007). psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research. R package version 2.5.6, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psych. Accessed 18 Sep. 2026.

Previous versions and publish date:

(2026-07-09 06:44), 1.0-17 (2007-05-06 20:28), 1.0-18 (2007-05-10 09:09), 1.0-23 (2007-05-29 17:38), 1.0-25 (2007-06-04 21:08), 1.0-27 (2007-08-03 18:21), 1.0-33 (2007-10-11 10:20), 1.0-42 (2008-03-24 22:31), 1.0-51 (2008-07-12 10:30), 1.0-58 (2008-09-10 09:18), 1.0-61 (2009-01-05 11:34), 1.0-62 (2009-01-05 16:55), 1.0-63 (2009-01-25 18:51), 1.0-65 (2009-02-08 21:25), 1.0-67 (2009-03-27 09:11), 1.0-70 (2009-05-25 22:25), 1.0-72 (2009-06-02 19:30), 1.0-74 (2009-06-26 18:52), 1.0-75 (2009-07-01 14:04), 1.0-76 (2009-07-18 18:13), 1.0-77 (2009-07-27 14:49), 1.0-78 (2009-07-30 21:30), 1.0-80 (2009-09-30 20:57), 1.0-81 (2009-10-05 09:02), 1.0-83 (2009-10-26 21:52), 1.0-85 (2009-12-20 20:05), 1.0-87 (2010-04-06 10:58), 1.0-88 (2010-04-27 21:10), 1.0-89 (2010-06-28 16:30), 1.0-90 (2010-07-24 22:42), 1.0-91 (2010-09-15 06:56), 1.0-92 (2010-09-22 21:37), 1.0-93 (2010-12-23 19:17), 1.0-94 (2011-01-09 09:45), 1.0-95 (2011-03-31 20:41), 1.0-96 (2011-04-06 20:14), 1.0-97 (2011-05-15 19:08), 1.0-98 (2011-06-09 08:04), 1.1.10 (2011-10-17 20:42), 1.1.11 (2011-11-02 18:26), 1.1.12 (2012-01-02 19:36), 1.1.1111 (2011-11-15 07:49), 1.2.1 (2012-02-16 16:27), 1.2.4 (2012-09-17 08:09), 1.2.8 (2012-09-21 07:21), 1.2.12 (2013-01-20 20:41), 1.3.2 (2013-02-26 17:33), 1.3.10.12 (2013-10-14 07:24), 1.3.10 (2013-10-07 23:44), 1.3.12 (2013-12-12 18:57), 1.4.1 (2014-01-20 07:12), 1.4.2.3 (2014-02-04 18:36), 1.4.2 (2014-02-03 18:42), 1.4.3 (2014-03-25 05:43), 1.4.4 (2014-04-14 19:35), 1.4.5 (2014-05-14 07:27), 1.4.8.11 (2014-08-12 06:36), 1.4.8 (2014-08-11 00:07), 1.5.1 (2015-01-21 07:43), 1.5.4 (2015-04-27 18:51), 1.5.6 (2015-07-08 10:12), 1.5.8 (2015-08-30 12:09), 1.6.4 (2016-05-12 14:48), 1.6.6 (2016-06-28 23:41), 1.6.9 (2016-09-17 20:07), 1.6.12 (2017-01-08 12:02), 1.7.3.21 (2017-03-22 09:55), 1.7.5 (2017-05-03 09:34), 1.7.8 (2017-09-09 16:13), 1.8.3.3 (2018-03-30 23:55), 1.8.4 (2018-05-06 22:48), 1.8.10 (2018-10-31 12:10), 1.8.12 (2019-01-13 00:32), 1.9.12.31 (2020-01-09 00:00), 1.9.12 (2019-12-20 17:40), 2.0.7 (2020-07-26 22:00), 2.0.8 (2020-09-04 21:50), 2.0.9 (2020-10-05 16:30), 2.0.12 (2020-12-16 17:10), 2.1.3 (2021-03-27 17:50), 2.1.6 (2021-06-18 21:30), 2.1.9 (2021-09-22 12:10), 2.2.3 (2022-03-19 01:40), 2.2.5 (2022-05-10 19:00), 2.2.9 (2022-09-29 15:30), 2.3.3 (2023-03-18 01:50), 2.3.6 (2023-06-21 18:50), 2.3.9 (2023-09-26 02:10), 2.3.12 (2023-12-20 10:40), 2.4.1 (2024-01-18 14:10), 2.4.3 (2024-03-19 00:20), 2.4.6.26 (2024-06-27 11:40), 2.4.12 (2024-12-23 10:40), 2.5.3 (2025-03-21 19:00), 2.5.6 (2025-06-23 23:10), 2.6.1 (2026-02-03 07:10), 2.6.3 (2026-03-25 07:10)

Other packages that cited psych R package

View psych citation profile

Other R packages that psych depends, imports, suggests or enhances

View psych dependency map

Complete documentation for psych

View documentation PDF

Functions, R codes and Examples using the psych R package

Some associated functions: 00.psych-package . AUC . Garcia . Gleser . Gorsuch . Harman . ICC . ICLUST.cluster . ICLUST.graph . ICLUST . ICLUST.rgraph . ICLUST.sort . KMO . Pinv . Promax . RMSEA . SD . Schmid.Leiman . Tucker . VSS . VSS.parallel . VSS.plot . VSS.scree . Yule . alpha . anova.psych . bassAckward . best.scales . bfi . bi.bars . bifactor . bigCor . biplot.psych . block.random . bock.table . cattell . circ.tests . cluster.cor . cluster.fit . cluster.loadings . cluster.plot . cluster2keys . cohen.d . comorbidity . congruence . cor.ci . cor.plot . cor.smooth . cor.wt . cor2dist . corFiml . corr.test . correct.cor . cortest.bartlett . cortest.mat . cosinor . count.pairwise . cta . densityBy . deprecated . describe.by . describe . diagram . draw.tetra . dummy.code . dwyer . eigen.loadings . ellipses . error.bars.by . error.bars . error.circles . error.crosses . error.dots . esem . fa.diagram . fa.extension . fa.lookup . fa . fa.parallel . fa.random . fa.sort . faCor . faMulti . faRotate . factor.congruence . factor.fit . factor.model . factor.residuals . factor.rotate . factor.scores . factor.stats . factor2cluster . fisherz . fparse . geometric.mean . glb.algebraic . guttman . harmonic.mean . headtail . iclust.diagram . interp.median . irt.fa . irt.item.diff.rasch . irt.person.rasch . irt.responses . kaiser . kappa . lmCor . logistic . lowerUpper . make.keys . manhattan . mat.sort . matrix.addition . mediate . misc . mixed.cor . mssd . multi.hist . multilevel.reliability . omega.graph . omega . outlier . p.rep . paired.r . pairs.panels . parcels . partial.r . phi.demo . phi . phi2poly . plot.psych . polar . polychor.matrix . predict.psych . predicted.validity . principal . print.psych . r.test . range.correction . reliability . rescale . residuals.psych . reverse.code . sat.act . scaling.fits . scatter.hist . schmid . score.alpha . score.irt . score.items . score.multiple.choice . scoreWtd . scrub . sim.VSS . sim.anova . sim.congeneric . sim.hierarchical . sim.irt . sim.item . sim.multilevel . sim . sim.omega . sim.structural . simulation.circ . skew . smc . spider . statsBy . structure.diagram . structure.list . super.matrix . table2matrix . tal_or . test.irt . test.psych . testRetest . tetrachor . thurstone . tr . unidim . winsor . withinBetween .
Some associated R codes: BASS.R . ICC.R . ICLUST.R . ICLUST.cluster.R . ICLUST.diagram.R . ICLUST.graph.R . ICLUST.rgraph.R . ICLUST.sort.R . Pinv.R . Promax.R . SD.R . VSS.R . VSS.parallel.R . VSS.plot.R . VSS.scree.R . VSS.simulate.R . VSSem.R . Yule.R . alpha.R . alpha.scale.R . anova.psych.R . bassAckward.R . bestScale.R . bi.bars.R . bifactor.R . bigCor.R . biplot.psych.R . block.random.R . circ.sim.R . circ.sim.plot.R . circ.simulation.R . circ.tests.R . cluster.cor.R . cluster.fit.R . cluster.loadings.R . cluster.plot.R . cluster2keys.R . cohen.d.R . comorbidity.R . congeneric.sim.R . congeric.sim.R . cor.ci.R . cor.plot.R . cor2dist.R . corr.test.R . correct.cor.R . cortest.R . cortest.bartlett.R . cortest.jennrich.R . cortest.mat.R . cortest.normal.R . cosinor.R . count.pairwise.R . cta.15.R . cta.R . describe.R . describe.by.R . dia.cone.R . diagram.R . direct.sl.R . draw.tetra.R . dummy.code.R . eigen.loadings.R . ellipses.R . error.bars.R . error.bars.by.R . error.crosses.R . esem.R . esem.diagram.R . fa.R . fa.ci.R . fa.diagram.R . fa.extension.R . fa.graph.R . fa.multi.R . fa.parallel.R . fa.parallel.poly.R . fa.poly.R . fa.random.R . fa.rgraph.R . fa.sapa.R . fa.sort.R . faBy.R . faCor.R . faReg.R . factor.congruence.R . factor.fit.R . factor.minres.R . factor.model.R . factor.pa.R . factor.residuals.R . factor.rotate.R . factor.scores.R . factor.stats.R . factor.wls.R . factor2cluster.R . fiml.R . fisherz.R . fix.dplyr.R . geometric.mean.R . glb.R . glb.algebraic.R . glbs.R . grouplag.R . guttman.R . harmonic.mean.R . headtail.R . interp.median.R . irt.0p.R . irt.1p.R . irt.2p.R . irt.discrim.R . irt.fa.R . irt.item.diff.rasch.R . irt.person.rasch.R . item.dichot.R . item.sim.R . kaiser.R . kappa.R . lavaan.diagram.R . lmCor.R . logistic.R . lowerUpper.R . make.congeneric.R . make.hierarchical.R . make.keys.R . manhattan.R . mat.plot.R . mat.regress.R . mat.sort.R . mat.sqrt.R . matrix.addition.R . matrix.na.R . meta.schmid.R . misc.R . missing.cor.R . mixed.cor.R . multi.hist.R . multilevel.reliability.R . omega.R . omega.bifactor.R . omega.diagram.R . omega.graph.R . omega.sem.R . omegaSem.R . outlier.R . p.rep.R . paired.r.R . pairs.panels.R . parcels.R . parse.R . partial.r.R . phi.R . phi.demo.R . phi2poly.R . plot.irt.R . plot.psych.R . polar.R . polychor.matrix.R . polychoric.R . predict.principal.R . principal.R . print.factor.pa.R . print.psych.R . print.psych.fa.R . print.psych.iclust.R . print.psych.mediate.R . print.psych.omega.R . print.psych.schmid.R . print.psych.stats.R . print.psych.vss.R . psych.R . r.con.R . r.test.R . reliability.R . rescale.R . residuals.psych.R . reverse.code.R . reverseKey.R . rmsea.R . scaling.fits.R . scatter.hist.R . schmid.R . score.items.R . score.multiple.choice.R . scoreWtd.R . sdt.R . sim.VSS.R . sim.anova.R . sim.circ.R . sim.congeneric.R . sim.dichot.R . sim.hierarchical.R . sim.item.R . sim.multilevel.R . sim.structural.R . simGene.R . simulation.circ.R . skew.R . slipHalf.R . smc.R . spider.R . splitHalf.R . statsBy.boot.R . structure.diagram.R . structure.graph.R . structure.list.R . structure.sem.R . summary.psych.R . superMatrix.R . table2matrix.R . target.rot.R . tenberge.R . test.all.R . tetrachor.R . thurstone.R . toDotty.R . validity.R . winsor.R . Full psych package functions and examples

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