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terra

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Spatial Data Analysis

View on CRAN: Click here

Download and install terra package within the R console
Install from CRAN:

 install.packages("terra")

Install from Github:

 library("remotes")

                        install_github("cran/terra")

Install by package version:

 library("remotes")

                        install_version("terra", "1.8-93")

Attach the package and use:

 library("terra")

Maintained by
Robert J. Hijmans
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]

All associated links for this package

First Published: 2020-03-20

Latest Update: 2025-07-21

Description:

Methods for spatial data analysis with vector (points, lines, polygons) and raster (grid) data. Methods for vector data include geometric operations such as intersect and buffer. Raster methods include local, focal, global, zonal and geometric operations. The predict and interpolate methods facilitate the use of regression type (interpolation, machine learning) models for spatial prediction, including with satellite remote sensing data. Processing of very large files is supported. See the manual and tutorials on <https://rspatial.org/> to get started. 'terra' replaces the 'raster' package ('terra' can do more, and it is faster and easier to use).

How to cite:

Robert J. Hijmans (2020). terra: Spatial Data Analysis. R package version 1.8-93, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/terra. Accessed 05 Jun. 2026.

Previous versions and publish date:

0.5-2 (2020-03-20 11:20), 0.5-8 (2020-04-14 10:50), 0.6-8 (2020-05-17 09:30), 0.6-9 (2020-05-19 15:10), 0.7-4 (2020-06-23 17:50), 0.7-11 (2020-07-02 01:50), 0.8-5 (2020-07-28 11:40), 0.8-6 (2020-08-01 02:30), 0.9-8 (2020-11-13 07:30), 0.9-11 (2020-12-01 06:50), 1.0-7 (2021-01-04 18:30), 1.0-10 (2021-01-22 09:10), 1.1-4 (2021-03-09 08:50), 1.1-17 (2021-04-14 15:50), 1.2-5 (2021-04-30 12:40), 1.2-10 (2021-05-13 09:50), 1.3-4 (2021-06-20 23:40), 1.3-22 (2021-08-20 10:30), 1.4-7 (2021-10-05 09:20), 1.4-9 (2021-10-07 10:10), 1.4-11 (2021-10-11 09:50), 1.4-19 (2021-11-15 13:10), 1.4-20 (2021-11-16 08:10), 1.4-22 (2021-11-24 09:10), 1.5-12 (2022-01-13 13:50), 1.5-17 (2022-01-30 23:40), 1.5-21 (2022-02-17 01:40), 1.5-34 (2022-06-09 12:52), 1.6-3 (2022-07-25 16:30), 1.6-7 (2022-08-07 17:20), 1.6-17 (2022-09-11 00:10), 1.6-41 (2022-11-18 13:20), 1.6-47 (2022-12-02 11:40), 1.6-53 (2023-01-17 11:30), 1.7-3 (2023-01-24 14:40), 1.7-18 (2023-03-06 09:50), 1.7-23 (2023-04-08 16:50), 1.7-28 (2023-04-21 01:20), 1.7-29 (2023-04-22 02:50), 1.7-37 (2023-06-19 00:50), 1.7-39 (2023-06-23 12:20), 1.7-46 (2023-09-06 11:10), 1.7-55 (2023-10-13 14:50), 1.7-65 (2023-12-15 11:50), 1.7-71 (2024-01-31 17:20), 1.7-78 (2024-05-22 16:30), 1.7-83 (2024-10-14 14:10), 1.8-5 (2024-12-12 11:00), 1.8-10 (2025-01-14 02:10), 1.8-15 (2025-01-24 09:30), 1.8-21 (2025-02-10 06:30), 1.8-29 (2025-02-26 09:10), 1.8-42 (2025-04-02 11:40), 1.8-50 (2025-05-09 13:20), 1.8-54 (2025-06-01 18:20), 1.8-60 (2025-07-21 06:10), 1.8-70 (2025-09-27 06:00), 1.8-80 (2025-11-05 15:10), 1.8-86 (2025-11-28 07:20), 1.8-93 (2026-01-12 07:10), 1.9-1 (2026-03-08 18:10), 1.9-11 (2026-03-26 17:40), 1.9-25 (2026-05-06 09:50)

Other packages that cited terra R package

View terra citation profile

Other R packages that terra depends, imports, suggests or enhances

View terra dependency map

Complete documentation for terra

View documentation PDF

Functions, R codes and Examples using the terra R package

Some associated functions: NAflag . RGB . SpatExtent-class . SpatRaster-class . SpatVector-class . activeCat . add . adjacent . aggregate . align . all.equal . animate . app . approximate . arith-generic . as.character . as.data.frame . as.lines . as.list . as.points . as.polygons . as.raster . atan2 . autocor . barplot . boundaries . box . boxplot . buffer . c . cartogram . catalyze . cellSize . cells . centroids . clamp . clamp_ts . classify . click . coerce . collapse . colors . combineGeoms . compare-generics . compareGeom . concats . contour . convhull . costDist . cover . crds . crop . crosstab . crs . datatype . deepcopy . densify . density . deprecated . depth . describe . diff . dimensions . direction . disaggregate . distance . dots . draw . elongate . erase . expanse . ext . extend . extract . extractAlong . extractRange . factors . fill . fillTime . flip . focal . focal3D . focalCpp . focalMat . focalPairs . focalReg . focalValues . forceCCW . freq . gaps . gdal . geometry . geomtype . global . graticule . gridDist . halo . headtail . hist . identical . ifelse . image . impose . init . inplace . inset . interpIDW . interpNear . interpolate . intersect . is.bool . is.empty . is.lonlat . is.rotated . is.valid . k_means . lapp . layerCor . legend . linearUnits . lines . makeTiles . makeVRT . mappal . mask . match . math-generics . mem . merge . mergeTime . meta . metags . minmax . modal . mosaic . na.omit . names . nearby . normalize.longitude . north . not.na . origin . pairs . panel . patches . perim . persp . plet . plot . plotRGB . plot_extent . plot_graticule . prcomp . predict . princomp . project . quantile . query . rangeFill . rapp . rast . rasterize . rasterizeGeom . rasterizeWin . rcl . readwrite . rectify . regress . relate . rep . replace_dollar . replace_layers . replace_values . resample . rescale . roll . rotate . same.crs . sample . sapp . sbar . scale . scatter . scoff . sds . segregate . select . selectHigh . selectRange . serialize . setValues . shade . sharedPaths . shift . sieve . simplify . sort . sources . spin . split . sprc . stretch . subset . subset_dollar . subset_double . subset_single . subst . summarize-generics . summary . svc . symdif . tapp . terra-package . terraOptions . terrain . text . time . tmpFile . topology . transpose . trim . union . unique . units . update . values . varnames . vect . vector_layers . viewshed . voronoi . vrt . vrt_tiles . weighted.mean . where . which . width . window . wrap . wrapCache . writeCDF . writeRaster . writeVector . xapp . xmin . xyCellFrom . zonal . zoom .
Some associated R codes: Aclasses.R . Agenerics.R . Arith_generics.R . RGB.R . RcppExports.R . SpatRasterDataset.R . SpatVectorCollection.R . Zdeprecated.R . aggregate.R . animate.R . app.R . approximate.R . arith.R . autocor.R . cells.R . clean.R . click.R . clip.R . coerce.R . colors.R . connect.R . crosstab.R . crs.R . dimensions.R . distance.R . draw.R . expand.R . extent.R . extract.R . extract_single.R . focal.R . focalMat.R . gcp.R . gdal.R . generics.R . geocolors.R . geom.R . graticule.R . hist.R . ifelse.R . image.R . init.R . inset.R . interpolate.R . k_means.R . lapp.R . layerCor.R . levels.R . lines.R . makeVRT.R . match.R . math.R . merge.R . mergeTime.R . messages.R . names.R . ncdf.R . options.R . panel.R . plot.R . plotExtent.R . plotRGB.R . plot_2rasters.R . plot_axes.R . plot_cartogram.R . plot_legend.R . plot_let.R . plot_raster.R . plot_scale.R . plot_vector.R . polygons.R . predict.R . princomp.R . rapp.R . rast.R . rasterize.R . rasterizeWin.R . read.R . readsvg.R . regress.R . relate.R . replace.R . replace_layer.R . replace_values.R . roll.R . rowSums.R . sample.R . select.R . selectHigh.R . show.R . spatDF.R . spatvec.R . subset.R . tags.R . tapp.R . tempfiles.R . tiles.R . time.R . update.R . values.R . vect.R . window.R . wrap.R . write.R . xapp.R . xyRowColCell.R . zonal.R . zoom.R . zzz.R . Full terra package functions and examples

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