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raters  

A Modification of Fleiss' Kappa in Case of Nominal and Ordinal Variables
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Download and install raters package within the R console
Install from CRAN:
install.packages("raters")

Install from Github:
library("remotes")
install_github("cran/raters")

Install by package version:
library("remotes")
install_version("raters", "2.1.1")



Attach the package and use:
library("raters")
Maintained by
Daniele Giardiello
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]
All associated links for this package
First Published: 2014-03-06
Latest Update: 2024-09-02
Description:
The kappa statistic implemented by Fleiss is a very popular index for assessing the reliability of agreement among multiple observers. It is used both in the psychological and in the psychiatric field. Other fields of application are typically medicine, biology and engineering. Unfortunately,the kappa statistic may behave inconsistently in case of strong agreement between raters, since this index assumes lower values than it would have been expected. We propose a modification kappa implemented by Fleiss in case of nominal and ordinal variables. Monte Carlo simulations are used both to testing statistical hypotheses and to calculating percentile bootstrap confidence intervals based on proposed statistic in case of nominal and ordinal data.
How to cite:
Daniele Giardiello (2014). raters: A Modification of Fleiss' Kappa in Case of Nominal and Ordinal Variables. R package version 2.1.1, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/raters. Accessed 26 Jun. 2026.
Previous versions and publish date:
1.0 (2014-03-06 10:05), 1.1 (2014-03-20 11:59), 2.0.1 (2014-12-29 15:26), 2.0.2 (2022-05-09 14:20), 2.0.3 (2023-08-19 18:10), 2.0.4 (2024-05-30 05:20), 2.0 (2014-12-24 10:08), 2.1.0 (2024-07-18 09:20)
Other packages that cited raters R package
View raters citation profile
Other R packages that raters depends, imports, suggests or enhances
Complete documentation for raters
Functions, R codes and Examples using the raters R package
Some associated functions: concordance . diagnostic . raters-package . uterine . winetable . wlin.conc . wquad.conc . 
Some associated R codes: concordance.R . wlin.conc.R . wquad.conc.R .  Full raters package functions and examples
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