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landscapemetrics  

Landscape Metrics for Categorical Map Patterns
View on CRAN: Click here


Download and install landscapemetrics package within the R console
Install from CRAN:
install.packages("landscapemetrics")

Install from Github:
library("remotes")
install_github("cran/landscapemetrics")

Install by package version:
library("remotes")
install_version("landscapemetrics", "2.2.1")



Attach the package and use:
library("landscapemetrics")
Maintained by
Maximilian H.K. Hesselbarth
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]
All associated links for this package
First Published: 2018-08-12
Latest Update: 2025-02-10
Description:
Calculates landscape metrics for categorical landscape patterns in a tidy workflow. 'landscapemetrics' reimplements the most common metrics from 'FRAGSTATS' () and new ones from the current literature on landscape metrics. This package supports 'terra' SpatRaster objects as input arguments. It further provides utility functions to visualize patches, select metrics and building blocks to develop new metrics.
How to cite:
Maximilian H.K. Hesselbarth (2018). landscapemetrics: Landscape Metrics for Categorical Map Patterns. R package version 2.2.1, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/landscapemetrics. Accessed 12 Mar. 2026.
Previous versions and publish date:
0.1.0 (2018-08-12 00:00), 0.1.1 (2018-08-14 17:20), 0.2 (2018-10-01 00:20), 0.3.1 (2019-01-23 17:20), 0.3 (2018-12-08 01:20), 1.0 (2019-03-15 14:00), 1.1 (2019-04-25 15:52), 1.2.1 (2019-08-07 10:20), 1.2.2 (2019-09-10 12:40), 1.2 (2019-07-02 12:50), 1.3 (2019-11-07 14:30), 1.4.1 (2020-01-12 21:50), 1.4.2 (2020-01-20 18:00), 1.4.3 (2020-03-14 22:10), 1.4.4 (2020-05-15 16:40), 1.4.5 (2020-07-08 15:30), 1.4.6 (2020-08-10 09:30), 1.4 (2019-12-11 17:30), 1.5.0 (2020-09-17 17:00), 1.5.1 (2020-12-04 15:40), 1.5.2 (2021-02-04 18:10), 1.5.3 (2021-07-06 15:50), 1.5.4 (2021-09-03 02:10), 1.5.5 (2022-10-31 20:48), 1.5.6 (2023-03-23 11:40), 1.5.7 (2023-06-22 15:22), 2.0.0 (2023-10-03 15:00), 2.1.0 (2023-11-28 17:40), 2.1.1 (2024-01-09 13:20), 2.1.2 (2024-05-02 14:52), 2.1.3 (2024-06-26 15:20), 2.1.4 (2024-07-22 14:20), 2.2 (2025-01-10 13:50)
Other packages that cited landscapemetrics R package
View landscapemetrics citation profile
Other R packages that landscapemetrics depends, imports, suggests or enhances
Complete documentation for landscapemetrics
Functions, R codes and Examples using the landscapemetrics R package
Some associated functions: augusta_nlcd . calculate_correlation . calculate_lsm . check_landscape . construct_buffer . data_info . extract_lsm . get_adjacencies . get_area_patches . get_boundaries . get_centroids . get_circumscribingcircle . get_class_patches . get_complexity . get_enn_patch . get_nearestneighbour . get_patches . get_perimeter_patch . get_points . get_unique_values . landscape . landscape_as_list . landscapemetrics . list_lsm . lsm_abbreviations_names . lsm_c_ai . lsm_c_area_cv . lsm_c_area_mn . lsm_c_area_sd . lsm_c_ca . lsm_c_cai_cv . lsm_c_cai_mn . lsm_c_cai_sd . lsm_c_circle_cv . lsm_c_circle_mn . lsm_c_circle_sd . lsm_c_clumpy . lsm_c_cohesion . lsm_c_contig_cv . lsm_c_contig_mn . lsm_c_contig_sd . lsm_c_core_cv . lsm_c_core_mn . lsm_c_core_sd . lsm_c_cpland . lsm_c_dcad . lsm_c_dcore_cv . lsm_c_dcore_mn . lsm_c_dcore_sd . lsm_c_division . lsm_c_ed . lsm_c_enn_cv . lsm_c_enn_mn . lsm_c_enn_sd . lsm_c_frac_cv . lsm_c_frac_mn . lsm_c_frac_sd . lsm_c_gyrate_cv . lsm_c_gyrate_mn . lsm_c_gyrate_sd . lsm_c_iji . lsm_c_lpi . lsm_c_lsi . lsm_c_mesh . lsm_c_ndca . lsm_c_nlsi . lsm_c_np . lsm_c_pafrac . lsm_c_para_cv . lsm_c_para_mn . lsm_c_para_sd . lsm_c_pd . lsm_c_pladj . lsm_c_pland . lsm_c_shape_cv . lsm_c_shape_mn . lsm_c_shape_sd . lsm_c_split . lsm_c_tca . lsm_c_te . lsm_l_ai . lsm_l_area_cv . lsm_l_area_mn . lsm_l_area_sd . lsm_l_cai_cv . lsm_l_cai_mn . lsm_l_cai_sd . lsm_l_circle_cv . lsm_l_circle_mn . lsm_l_circle_sd . lsm_l_cohesion . lsm_l_condent . lsm_l_contag . lsm_l_contig_cv . lsm_l_contig_mn . lsm_l_contig_sd . lsm_l_core_cv . lsm_l_core_mn . lsm_l_core_sd . lsm_l_dcad . lsm_l_dcore_cv . lsm_l_dcore_mn . lsm_l_dcore_sd . lsm_l_division . lsm_l_ed . lsm_l_enn_cv . lsm_l_enn_mn . lsm_l_enn_sd . lsm_l_ent . lsm_l_frac_cv . lsm_l_frac_mn . lsm_l_frac_sd . lsm_l_gyrate_cv . lsm_l_gyrate_mn . lsm_l_gyrate_sd . lsm_l_iji . lsm_l_joinent . lsm_l_lpi . lsm_l_lsi . lsm_l_mesh . lsm_l_msidi . lsm_l_msiei . lsm_l_mutinf . lsm_l_ndca . lsm_l_np . lsm_l_pafrac . lsm_l_para_cv . lsm_l_para_mn . lsm_l_para_sd . lsm_l_pd . lsm_l_pladj . lsm_l_pr . lsm_l_prd . lsm_l_relmutinf . lsm_l_rpr . lsm_l_shape_cv . lsm_l_shape_mn . lsm_l_shape_sd . lsm_l_shdi . lsm_l_shei . lsm_l_sidi . lsm_l_siei . lsm_l_split . lsm_l_ta . lsm_l_tca . lsm_l_te . lsm_p_area . lsm_p_cai . lsm_p_circle . lsm_p_contig . lsm_p_core . lsm_p_enn . lsm_p_frac . lsm_p_gyrate . lsm_p_ncore . lsm_p_para . lsm_p_perim . lsm_p_shape . matrix_to_raster . options_landscapemetrics . pad_raster . podlasie_ccilc . points_as_mat . prepare_extras . proj_info . raster_to_points . rcpp_cell_from_xy . rcpp_create_neighborhood . rcpp_get_nearest_neighbor . rcpp_xy_from_matrix . sample_lsm . show_cores . show_correlation . show_lsm . show_patches . spatialize_lsm . unpad_raster . window_lsm . 
Some associated R codes: RcppExports.R . calculate_correlation.R . calculate_lsm.R . check_landscape.R . construct_buffer.R . data.R . data_info.R . extract_lsm.R . get_adjacencies.R . get_boundaries.R . get_centroids.R . get_circumscribingcircle.R . get_nearestneighbour.R . get_patches.R . get_unique_values.R . landscape_as_list.R . landscapemetrics-package.R . list_lsm.R . lsm_c_ai.R . lsm_c_area_cv.R . lsm_c_area_mn.R . lsm_c_area_sd.R . lsm_c_ca.R . lsm_c_cai_cv.R . lsm_c_cai_mn.R . lsm_c_cai_sd.R . lsm_c_circle_cv.R . lsm_c_circle_mn.R . lsm_c_circle_sd.R . lsm_c_clumpy.R . lsm_c_cohesion.R . lsm_c_contig_cv.R . lsm_c_contig_mn.R . lsm_c_contig_sd.R . lsm_c_core_cv.R . lsm_c_core_mn.R . lsm_c_core_sd.R . lsm_c_cpland.R . lsm_c_dcad.R . lsm_c_dcore_cv.R . lsm_c_dcore_mn.R . lsm_c_dcore_sd.R . lsm_c_division.R . lsm_c_ed.R . lsm_c_enn_cv.R . lsm_c_enn_mn.R . lsm_c_enn_sd.R . lsm_c_frac_cv.R . lsm_c_frac_mn.R . lsm_c_frac_sd.R . lsm_c_gyrate_cv.R . lsm_c_gyrate_mn.R . lsm_c_gyrate_sd.R . lsm_c_iji.R . lsm_c_lpi.R . lsm_c_lsi.R . lsm_c_mesh.R . lsm_c_ndca.R . lsm_c_nlsi.R . lsm_c_np.R . lsm_c_pafrac.R . lsm_c_para_cv.R . lsm_c_para_mn.R . lsm_c_para_sd.R . lsm_c_pd.R . lsm_c_pladj.R . lsm_c_pland.R . lsm_c_shape_cv.R . lsm_c_shape_mn.R . lsm_c_shape_sd.R . lsm_c_split.R . lsm_c_tca.R . lsm_c_te.R . lsm_l_ai.R . lsm_l_area_cv.R . lsm_l_area_mn.R . lsm_l_area_sd.R . lsm_l_cai_cv.R . lsm_l_cai_mn.R . lsm_l_cai_sd.R . lsm_l_circle_cv.R . lsm_l_circle_mn.R . lsm_l_circle_sd.R . lsm_l_cohesion.R . lsm_l_condent.R . lsm_l_contag.R . lsm_l_contig_cv.R . lsm_l_contig_mn.R . lsm_l_contig_sd.R . lsm_l_core_cv.R . lsm_l_core_mn.R . lsm_l_core_sd.R . lsm_l_dcad.R . lsm_l_dcore_cv.R . lsm_l_dcore_mn.R . lsm_l_dcore_sd.R . lsm_l_division.R . lsm_l_ed.R . lsm_l_enn_cv.R . lsm_l_enn_mn.R . lsm_l_enn_sd.R . lsm_l_ent.R . lsm_l_frac_cv.R . lsm_l_frac_mn.R . lsm_l_frac_sd.R . lsm_l_gyrate_cv.R . lsm_l_gyrate_mn.R . lsm_l_gyrate_sd.R . lsm_l_iji.R . lsm_l_joinent.R . lsm_l_lpi.R . lsm_l_lsi.R . lsm_l_mesh.R . lsm_l_msidi.R . lsm_l_msiei.R . lsm_l_mutinf.R . lsm_l_ndca.R . lsm_l_np.R . lsm_l_pafrac.R . lsm_l_para_cv.R . lsm_l_para_mn.R . lsm_l_para_sd.R . lsm_l_pd.R . lsm_l_pladj.R . lsm_l_pr.R . lsm_l_prd.R . lsm_l_relmutinf.R . lsm_l_rpr.R . lsm_l_shape_cv.R . lsm_l_shape_mn.R . lsm_l_shape_sd.R . lsm_l_shdi.R . lsm_l_shei.R . lsm_l_sidi.R . lsm_l_siei.R . lsm_l_split.R . lsm_l_ta.R . lsm_l_tca.R . lsm_l_te.R . lsm_p_area.R . lsm_p_cai.R . lsm_p_circle.R . lsm_p_contig.R . lsm_p_core.R . lsm_p_enn.R . lsm_p_frac.R . lsm_p_gyrate.R . lsm_p_ncore.R . lsm_p_para.R . lsm_p_perim.R . lsm_p_shape.R . matrix_to_raster.R . onUnload.R . options_landscapemetrics.R . pad_raster.R . points_as_mat.R . prepare_extras.R . proj_info.R . raster_to_points.R . sample_lsm.R . show_cores.R . show_correlation.R . show_lsm.R . show_patches.R . spatialize_lsm.R . unpad_raster.R . window_lsm.R .  Full landscapemetrics package functions and examples
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