Functions to assist in R programming, including: - assist in developing, updating, and maintaining R and R packages ('ask', 'checkRVersion', 'getDependencies', 'keywords', 'scat'), - calculate the logit and inverse logit transformations ('logit', 'inv.logit'), - test if a value is missing, empty or contains only NA and NULL values ('invalid'), - manipulate R's .Last function ('addLast'), - define macros ('defmacro'), - detect odd and even integers ('odd', 'even'), - convert strings containing non-ASCII characters (like single quotes) to plain ASCII ('ASCIIfy'), - perform a binary search ('binsearch'), - sort strings containing both numeric and character components ('mixedsort'), - create a factor variable from the quantiles of a continuous variable ('quantcut'), - enumerate permutations and combinations ('combinations', 'permutation'), - calculate and convert between fold-change and log-ratio ('foldchange', 'logratio2foldchange', 'foldchange2logratio'), - calculate probabilities and generate random numbers from Dirichlet distributions ('rdirichlet', 'ddirichlet'), - apply a function over adjacent subsets of a vector ('running'), - modify the TCP_NODELAY ('de-Nagle') flag for socket objects, - efficient 'rbind' of data frames, even if the column names don't match ('smartbind'), - generate significance stars from p-values ('stars.pval'), - convert characters to/from ASCII codes ('asc', 'chr'), - convert character vector to ASCII representation ('ASCIIfy'), - apply title capitalization rules to a character vector ('capwords').