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eikosograms  

The Picture of Probability
View on CRAN: Click here


Download and install eikosograms package within the R console
Install from CRAN:
install.packages("eikosograms")

Install from Github:
library("remotes")
install_github("cran/eikosograms")

Install by package version:
library("remotes")
install_version("eikosograms", "0.1.1")



Attach the package and use:
library("eikosograms")
Maintained by
Wayne Oldford
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]
First Published: 2018-08-17
Latest Update: 2018-08-22
Description:
An eikosogram (ancient Greek for probability picture) divides the unit square into rectangular regions whose areas, sides, and widths, represent various probabilities associated with the values of one or more categorical variates. Rectangle areas are joint probabilities, widths are always marginal (though possibly joint margins, i.e. marginal joint distributions of two or more variates), and heights of rectangles are always conditional probabilities. Eikosograms embed the rules of probability and are useful for introducing elementary probability theory, including axioms, marginal, conditional, and joint probabilities, and their relationships (including Bayes theorem as a completely trivial consequence). They are markedly superior to Venn diagrams for this purpose, especially in distinguishing probabilistic independence, mutually exclusive events, coincident events, and associations. They also are useful for identifying and understanding conditional independence structure. As data analysis tools, eikosograms display categorical data in a manner similar to Mosaic plots, especially when only two variates are involved (the only case in which they are essentially identical, though eikosograms purposely disallow spacing between rectangles). Unlike Mosaic plots, eikosograms do not alternate axes as each new categorical variate (beyond two) is introduced. Instead, only one categorical variate, designated the "response", presents on the vertical axis and all others, designated the "conditioning" variates, appear on the horizontal. In this way, conditional probability appears only as height and marginal probabilities as widths. The eikosogram is therefore much better suited to a response model analysis (e.g. logistic model) than is a Mosaic plot. Mosaic plots are better suited to log-linear style modelling as in discrete multivariate analysis. Of course, eikosograms are also suited to discrete multivariate analysis with each variate in turn appearing as the response. This makes it better suited than Mosaic plots to discrete graphical models based on conditional independence graphs (i.e. "Bayesian Networks" or "BayesNets"). The eikosogram and its superiority to Venn diagrams in teaching probability is described in W.H. Cherry and R.W. Oldford (2003) , its value in exploring conditional independence structure and relation to graphical and log-linear models is described in R.W. Oldford (2003) , and a number of problems, puzzles, and paradoxes that are easily explained with eikosograms are given in R.W. Oldford (2003) .
How to cite:
Wayne Oldford (2018). eikosograms: The Picture of Probability. R package version 0.1.1, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/eikosograms. Accessed 03 Apr. 2025.
Previous versions and publish date:
0.1.0 (2018-08-17 10:50)
Other packages that cited eikosograms R package
View eikosograms citation profile
Other R packages that eikosograms depends, imports, suggests or enhances
Complete documentation for eikosograms
Functions, R codes and Examples using the eikosograms R package
Some associated functions: eikos.default . eikos.formula . eikos . eikos_data . eikos_legend . eikos_x_labels . eikos_x_probs . eikos_y_labels . eikos_y_probs . 
Some associated R codes: eikos.R . eikos_data.R . eikos_labels.R . eikos_legend.R . eikos_probs.R .  Full eikosograms package functions and examples
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