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TAM

Star Watch Copy Code

Test Analysis Modules

View on CRAN: Click here

Download and install TAM package within the R console
Install from CRAN:

 install.packages("TAM")

Install from Github:

 library("remotes")

                        install_github("cran/TAM")

Install by package version:

 library("remotes")

                        install_version("TAM", "4.3-25")

Attach the package and use:

 library("TAM")

Maintained by
Alexander Robitzsch
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]

All associated links for this package

First Published: 2013-07-01

Latest Update: 2025-09-03

Description:

Includes marginal maximum likelihood estimation and joint maximum likelihood estimation for unidimensional and multidimensional item response models. The package functionality covers the Rasch model, 2PL model, 3PL model, generalized partial credit model, multi-faceted Rasch model, nominal item response model, structured latent class model, mixture distribution IRT models, and located latent class models. Latent regression models and plausible value imputation are also supported. For details see Adams, Wilson and Wang, 1997 <doi:10.1177/0146621697211001>, Adams, Wilson and Wu, 1997 <doi:10.3102/10769986022001047>, Formann, 1982 <doi:10.1002/bimj.4710240209>, Formann, 1992 <doi:10.1080/01621459.1992.10475229>.

How to cite:

Alexander Robitzsch (2013). TAM: Test Analysis Modules. R package version 4.3-25, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/TAM. Accessed 26 Aug. 2026.

Previous versions and publish date:

(2026-07-09 08:27), 0.04-43 (2013-07-01 21:23), 0.5-21 (2013-07-29 01:14), 0.6-26 (2013-08-28 16:41), 0.7-35 (2013-09-15 18:26), 0.8-19 (2013-10-03 09:42), 0.9-9 (2013-10-13 15:02), 0.99-7 (2013-11-02 17:51), 1.0-0 (2014-01-01 20:02), 1.0-1 (2014-02-02 19:01), 1.0-2.1 (2014-05-02 11:58), 1.0-2 (2014-04-02 11:29), 1.0-3.18-1 (2014-09-08 19:20), 1.0-3 (2014-06-27 13:56), 1.1 (2014-10-19 22:23), 1.2 (2014-11-22 19:10), 1.3 (2015-01-06 18:33), 1.4-1 (2015-01-16 06:42), 1.5-2 (2015-02-24 09:42), 1.6-0 (2015-04-03 13:34), 1.7-1 (2015-06-05 22:30), 1.8-0 (2015-06-27 00:19), 1.9-0 (2015-06-30 14:46), 1.10-0 (2015-07-25 18:07), 1.11-0 (2015-08-11 15:18), 1.12-0 (2015-08-27 14:14), 1.13-0 (2015-08-29 23:22), 1.14-0 (2015-10-15 15:45), 1.15-0 (2015-12-16 12:23), 1.16-0 (2016-02-01 10:39), 1.17-0 (2016-03-12 00:19), 1.99-6 (2016-04-16 04:40), 1.995-0 (2016-05-31 15:59), 1.99992-0 (2017-01-23 13:49), 1.99993-0 (2017-02-06 11:14), 1.99999-31 (2017-03-02 14:29), 2.0-37 (2017-04-12 17:36), 2.1-43 (2017-05-11 08:16), 2.2-49 (2017-06-17 17:53), 2.3-18 (2017-06-25 17:54), 2.4-9 (2017-07-01 00:19), 2.5-14 (2017-08-08 17:55), 2.6-2 (2017-08-13 07:32), 2.7-56 (2017-10-19 21:53), 2.8-21 (2017-11-16 16:04), 2.9-35 (2018-02-26 12:38), 2.10-24 (2018-03-29 16:09), 2.11-93 (2018-05-02 11:44), 2.12-18 (2018-05-25 13:47), 2.13-15 (2018-09-30 15:20), 3.0-21 (2018-12-10 18:00), 3.1-45 (2019-03-18 19:13), 3.2-24 (2019-07-04 15:40), 3.3-10 (2019-08-23 14:20), 3.4-26 (2020-03-10 14:00), 3.5-19 (2020-05-06 08:30), 3.6-45 (2021-04-22 15:40), 3.7-16 (2021-06-25 13:10), 4.0-16 (2022-05-15 01:20), 4.1-4 (2022-08-28 20:40), 4.2-21 (2024-02-19 19:40)

Other packages that cited TAM R package

View TAM citation profile

Other R packages that TAM depends, imports, suggests or enhances

View TAM dependency map

Complete documentation for TAM

View documentation PDF

Functions, R codes and Examples using the TAM R package

Some associated functions: DescribeBy . IRT.WrightMap . IRT.cv . IRT.data.tam . IRT.drawPV . IRT.expectedCounts.tam . IRT.factor.scores.tam . IRT.frequencies.tam . IRT.informationCurves . IRT.irfprob.tam . IRT.itemfit . IRT.likelihood.tam . IRT.linearCFA . IRT.residuals . IRT.simulate . IRT.threshold . IRT.truescore . IRTLikelihood.cfa . IRTLikelihood.ctt . Scale . TAM-defunct . TAM-package . TAM-utilities . WLErel . anova.tam . cfa.extract.itempars . data.cqc . data.ctest . data.examples . data.fims.Aus.Jpn . data.geiser . data.gpcm . data.janssen . data.mc . data.numeracy . data.sim.mfr . data.sim.rasch . data.timssAusTwn . designMatrices . doparse . lavaanify.IRT . msq.itemfit . plot.tam . plotDevianceTAM . predict . tam.ctt . tam.fa . tam.fit . tam.jml . tam.latreg . tam.linking . tam.mml.3pl . tam.mml . tam.modelfit . tam.np . tam.personfit . tam.pv . tam.se . tam.threshold . tam.wle . tam_NA_pattern . tam_downcode . tam_irf_3pl . tamaan . tamaanify . tampv2datalist . weighted_Stats .
Some associated R codes: DescribeBy.R . EAPrel.R . IRT.RISE.R . IRT.WrightMap.R . IRT.cv.R . IRT.cv.tam.np.R . IRT.data.tam.R . IRT.drawPV.R . IRT.expectedCounts.tam.R . IRT.factor.scores.tam.R . IRT.frequencies.tam.R . IRT.informationCurve.R . IRT.irfprob.tam.R . IRT.itemfit.R . IRT.likelihood.TAM.R . IRT.linearCFA.R . IRT.modelfit.tam.R . IRT.residuals.R . IRT.simulate.R . IRT.threshold.R . IRT.truescore.R . IRTLikelihood.cfa.R . IRTLikelihood.ctt.R . RcppExports.R . Scale.R . WLErel.R . WLErel_exclude_missings.R . add.colnames.resp.R . add.lead.R . anova.tam.R . cfa.extract.itempars.R . change.grep.lavpartable.R . designMatrices.R . designMatrices.mfr.R . designMatrices.mfr2.R . designMatrices.mfr_aux.R . designMatrices.mfr_aux2.R . designMatrices_aux.R . designMatrices_aux2.R . doparse.R . extend.label.group.R . lavaanify.IRT.R . lavaanify.grep.MEASERR.R . lavaanify.grep.nonlinear.R . lavpartable.grep.underbrace.R . lavpartable2lavsyntax.R . logLik.tam.jml.R . logLik_tam.R . msq.itemfit.R . msq.itemfit.R.R . msq.itemfitWLE.R . plot.IRT.informationCurves.R . plot.ctt.R . plot.tam.R . plot.tam.pv.mcmc.R . plotDevianceTAM.R . plot_tam_grouped_wle.R . predict.tam.R . print.tam.R . print.tam.linking.R . print.tam.wle.R . print.tam_linking_2studies.R . prior_list_include.R . remove.duplicated.variances.lavsyn.R . require_namespace_msg.R . split.syn.string.R . summary.msq.itemfit.R . summary.msq.itemfitWLE.R . summary.tam.Q3.R . summary.tam.R . summary.tam.fit.R . summary.tam.jml.R . summary.tam.linking.R . summary.tam.mml.3pl.R . summary.tam.modelfit.R . summary.tam.np.R . summary.tam.pv.mcmc.R . summary.tam.wle.R . summary.tam_linking_2studies.R . summary.tamaan.R . summary_tam_print_latreg_stand.R . summary_tamaan_3pl_class_item_average.R . summary_tamaan_3pl_discrete_distribution.R . summary_tamaan_3pl_distr_mixture.R . summary_tamaan_3pl_intro.R . summary_tamaan_3pl_lcaprobs.R . summary_tamaan_3pl_loclca.R . summary_tamaan_item_parameters.R . summary_tamaan_item_parameters_mixture.R . summary_tamaan_normal_skillspace.R . tam.Q3.R . tam.R . tam.cb.R . tam.ctt.R . tam.ctt2.R . tam.ctt3.R . tam.fa.R . tam.fit.R . tam.jml.R . tam.jml.fit.R . tam.jml2.R . tam.latreg.R . tam.linking.R . tam.mml.2pl.R . tam.mml.3pl.R . tam.mml.R . tam.mml.mfr.R . tam.mml.wle.R . tam.mml.wle2.R . tam.modelfit.IRT.R . tam.modelfit.R . tam.modelfit.args.R . tam.np.R . tam.personfit.R . tam.pv.R . tam.pv.mcmc.R . tam.q3.aux.R . tam.se.R . tam.threshold.R . tam.wle.R . tam_01_pattern.R . tam_AXsi_compute.R . tam_AXsi_fit.R . tam_A_matrix2.R . tam_NA_pattern.R . tam_Rhat_3splits.R . tam_accelerate_parameters.R . tam_acceleration_inits.R . tam_acceleration_inits_create_list.R . tam_acf_matrix.R . tam_aggregate.R . tam_aggregate_derivative_information.R . tam_anticomb2.R . tam_args_CALL_search.R . tam_args_replace_value.R . tam_assign_list_elements.R . tam_bayesian_bootstrap.R . tam_calc_counts.R . tam_calc_exp.R . tam_calc_posterior.R . tam_calc_prob_helper_subtract_max.R . tam_cat_flush_console.R . tam_colSums.R . tam_compute_disp_progress.R . tam_cor_wt.R . tam_cov_wt.R . tam_csink.R . tam_ctt_wrapper.R . tam_deviance_history_init.R . tam_difference_quotient.R . tam_dmvnorm.R . tam_dnorm_discrete.R . tam_downcode.R . tam_dtnorm.R . tam_evaluate_prior.R . tam_exp_overflow.R . tam_fa_reliability_measures.R . tam_fa_reliability_nonlinearSEM.R . tam_find_root.R . tam_fisherz.R . tam_generate_B_fixed_estimated.R . tam_generate_xsi_fixed_estimated.R . tam_ghp_number_informations.R . tam_ginv.R . tam_ginv_scaled.R . tam_group_lasso_norm.R . tam_import_MASS_ginv.R . tam_import_mvtnorm_dmvnorm.R . tam_import_mvtnorm_pmvnorm.R . tam_import_sfsmisc_QUnif.R . tam_in_names_list.R . tam_include_arguments_in_list.R . tam_interval_index.R . tam_irf_3pl.R . tam_irt_parameterization.R . tam_itempartable.R . tam_jml_calc_xsi_compute_AXsi.R . tam_jml_compute_Axsi.R . tam_jml_itempartable.R . tam_jml_proc_abilities.R . tam_jml_version1.R . tam_jml_version1_calc_xsi.R . tam_jml_version2.R . tam_jml_version2_calc_xsi.R . tam_jml_wle.R . tam_latent_regression_standardized_solution.R . tam_latreg_ic.R . tam_latreg_se_quick.R . tam_latreg_se_quick_likelihood.R . tam_lavaanify.R . tam_linking_2studies.R . tam_linking_2studies_create_M_SD.R . tam_linking_2studies_create_M_SD_rownames.R . tam_linking_chain.R . tam_linking_extract_list.R . tam_linking_extract_parameters.R . tam_linking_extract_parameters_trait_distribution.R . tam_linking_function_haebara_loss.R . tam_linking_include_list.R . tam_linking_irf_discrepancy.R . tam_linking_joint.R . tam_linking_joint_calc_probs.R . tam_linking_output_summary.R . tam_linking_parameters_select_common_items.R . tam_linking_transform_item_parameters.R . tam_matrix2.R . tam_max_abs.R . tam_max_abs_list.R . tam_max_categories.R . tam_mml_2pl_mstep_item_slopes_suffstat_R.R . tam_mml_2pl_mstep_slope.R . tam_mml_2pl_sufficient_statistics_item_slope.R . tam_mml_3pl_calc_exp.R . tam_mml_3pl_calc_ll.R . tam_mml_3pl_calc_ll_est_guessing.R . tam_mml_3pl_calc_prob.R . tam_mml_3pl_calc_total_ll.R . tam_mml_3pl_computeB.R . tam_mml_3pl_compute_Fdes.R . tam_mml_3pl_create_E.R . tam_mml_3pl_create_notA.R . tam_mml_3pl_deviance.R . tam_mml_3pl_distributionmoments.R . tam_mml_3pl_expected_counts.R . tam_mml_3pl_ic.R . tam_mml_3pl_inits_group.R . tam_mml_3pl_itempartable.R . tam_mml_3pl_mstep_item_guessing.R . tam_mml_3pl_mstep_item_intercepts.R . tam_mml_3pl_mstep_item_slopes.R . tam_mml_3pl_mstep_item_slopes_gammaslope_center.R . tam_mml_3pl_mstep_regression.R . tam_mml_3pl_skillspace.R . tam_mml_3pl_stud_prior_discrete.R . tam_mml_3pl_variance_fixed.R . tam_mml_3pl_vec_add_increment.R . tam_mml_calc_prob.R . tam_mml_calc_prob_R.R . tam_mml_compute_AXsi.R . tam_mml_compute_deviance.R . tam_mml_constraint_check.R . tam_mml_control_list_define.R . tam_mml_create_nodes.R . tam_mml_create_nodes_multidim_nodes.R . tam_mml_ic.R . tam_mml_ic_criteria.R . tam_mml_include_NA_AXsi.R . tam_mml_inits_beta.R . tam_mml_inits_groups.R . tam_mml_inits_variance.R . tam_mml_inits_xsi.R . tam_mml_mfr_collect_xsi_parameters.R . tam_mml_mfr_dataprep.R . tam_mml_mfr_inits_beta.R . tam_mml_mfr_inits_xsi.R . tam_mml_mfr_proc_compute_maxKi.R . tam_mml_mfr_proc_create_design_matrices.R . tam_mml_mfr_proc_delete_missing_items.R . tam_mml_mfr_proc_multiple_person_ids.R . tam_mml_mfr_proc_response_indicators.R . tam_mml_mfr_proc_xsi_setnull.R . tam_mml_mstep_intercept.R . tam_mml_mstep_intercept_optim.R . tam_mml_mstep_intercept_quasi_newton_R.R . tam_mml_mstep_regression.R . tam_mml_mstep_xsi.R . tam_mml_person_EAP.R . tam_mml_person_EAP_rel.R . tam_mml_person_SD_EAP.R . tam_mml_person_maxscore.R . tam_mml_person_posterior.R . tam_mml_proc_est_xsi_index.R . tam_mml_proc_prior_list_xsi.R . tam_mml_proc_response_indicators.R . tam_mml_proc_unidim_simplify.R . tam_mml_proc_xsi_parameter_index_A.R . tam_mml_progress_em.R . tam_mml_progress_em0.R . tam_mml_progress_proc_nodes.R . tam_mml_se_AXsi.R . tam_mml_se_quick.R . tam_mml_se_quick_compute_log_likelihood.R . tam_mml_se_quick_difference_quotient.R . tam_mml_se_quick_likelihood.R . tam_mml_se_quick_modify_parameter_vec.R . tam_mml_se_quick_verbose.R . tam_mml_sufficient_statistics.R . tam_mml_sufficient_statistics_R.R . tam_mml_update_stochastic_nodes.R . tam_mml_warning_message_multiple_group_models.R . tam_mml_wle_check_identifiability.R . tam_mml_wle_postproc.R . tam_mml_wle_proc_input_data.R . tam_mml_wle_pweights.R . tam_mml_wle_theta_inits.R . tam_mml_wle_update_theta.R . tam_model_implied_means.R . tam_normalize_matrix_rows.R . tam_normalize_vector.R . tam_np_2pl_calc_probs.R . tam_np_2pl_grad_fn.R . tam_np_2pl_hess_fn.R . tam_np_2pl_irf_probs.R . tam_np_2pl_optim_fn.R . tam_np_2pl_optim_fn_grad_hess.R . tam_np_create_spline_basis.R . tam_np_create_spline_basis_bsplines.R . tam_np_create_spline_basis_hermite.R . tam_np_group_lasso_update.R . tam_np_information_criteria.R . tam_np_inits.R . tam_np_mstep_items.R . tam_np_mstep_trait_distribution.R . tam_np_optim_ridge_penalty.R . tam_orthonormalize_design_matrix.R . tam_osink.R . tam_outer.R . tam_packageinfo.R . tam_parameter_change.R . tam_print_call.R . tam_print_computation_time.R . tam_print_package_rsession.R . tam_prior_eval_log_density_one_parameter.R . tam_pv_draw_pv_nonparametric.R . tam_pv_draw_pv_normal_approximation_1dim.R . tam_pv_draw_pv_normal_approximation_multidim.R . tam_pv_mcmc_calc_probs.R . tam_pv_mcmc_calc_probs_irf_3pl.R . tam_pv_mcmc_compute_marginal_likelihood.R . tam_pv_mcmc_evaluate_likelihood.R . tam_pv_mcmc_inits_MH_sampling_objects.R . tam_pv_mcmc_inits_plausible_values_objects.R . tam_pv_mcmc_inits_sampled_parameters_objects.R . tam_pv_mcmc_inits_theta.R . tam_pv_mcmc_likelihood.R . tam_pv_mcmc_likelihood_R.R . tam_pv_mcmc_parameter_samples.R . tam_pv_mcmc_parameter_samples_correlation.R . tam_pv_mcmc_parameter_samples_correlation_index.R . tam_pv_mcmc_parameter_summary.R . tam_pv_mcmc_person_inits_from_resp.R . tam_pv_mcmc_postproc_ic.R . tam_pv_mcmc_postproc_theta_acceptance_MH.R . tam_pv_mcmc_postproc_theta_posterior.R . tam_pv_mcmc_prior_density.R . tam_pv_mcmc_proc_input.R . tam_pv_mcmc_proc_regressors.R . tam_pv_mcmc_proposal_theta.R . tam_pv_mcmc_pv_acf.R . tam_pv_mcmc_refresh_theta.R . tam_pv_mcmc_sample_beta_variance.R . tam_pv_mcmc_sample_beta_variance_lm_beta.R . tam_pv_mcmc_save_parameters.R . tam_pv_mcmc_theta_MH_ratio_accept.R . tam_pv_mcmc_update_plausible_values.R . tam_pv_recommend_tam_pv_mcmc.R . tam_pv_sampling_beta.R . tam_pv_sampling_theta.R . tam_pv_summary_covariance.R . tam_rbind_twomatrices.R . tam_remove_missings.R . tam_round_data_frame.R . tam_round_data_frame_print.R . tam_rowCumsums.R . tam_rowMaxs.R . tam_rowcumsums1.R . tam_rsessinfo.R . tam_solve_ridge.R . tam_stud_prior.R . tam_stud_prior_multiple_groups.R . tam_summary_display.R . tam_summary_print_ic.R . tam_summary_print_ic_description.R . tam_summary_print_ic_one_ic.R . tam_theta_sq.R . tam_theta_sq1.R . tam_trim_increment.R . tam_vec2symmmatrix.R . tam_weighted_cross_product.R . tam_weighted_stats_select.R . tam_wle_print_WLErel.R . tam_wle_print_general.R . tamaan.3pl.lca.R . tamaan.3pl.loclca.R . tamaan.3pl.mixture.R . tamaan.3pl.olca.R . tamaan.3pl.trait.R . tamaan.R . tamaan_3pl_lca_extract_lcaprobs.R . tamaan_3pl_mixture_individual_class_probabilities.R . tamaanify.R . tamaanify.define.method.R . tamaanify.grep.linequations.R . tamaanify.modelconstraint.loadings.R . tamaanify.proc.loadings.B.fixed.R . tamaanify.tam.mml.3pl.deltadesign.R . tamaanify.tam.mml.3pl.designMatrices.LCA.R . tamaanify.tam.mml.3pl.designMatrices.LOCLCA.R . tamaanify.tam.mml.3pl.designMatrices.MIXTURE.R . tamaanify.tam.mml.3pl.designMatrices.OLCA.R . tamaanify.tam.mml.3pl.designMatrices.TRAIT.R . tamaanify_create_A.R . tamaanify_create_Q.R . tamaanify_modelprior.R . tamaanify_proc_analysis.R . tamaanify_proc_items.R . tamaanify_proc_itemtype.R . tamaanify_proc_lavaanmodel.R . tamaanify_proc_modelconstraint.R . tamaanify_proc_resp.R . tamaanify_tam_mml_3pl_create_delta_design.R . tamaanify_tam_mml_3pl_designMatrices.R . tamaanify_variance_fixed.R . tamcat.R . tampv2datalist.R . weighted_kurtosis.R . weighted_mean.R . weighted_quantile.R . weighted_quantile_type_selection.R . weighted_sd.R . weighted_skewness.R . weighted_table.R . weighted_var.R . zzz.R . Full TAM package functions and examples

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