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CDM
Cognitive Diagnosis Modeling
View on CRAN: Click
here
Download and install CDM package within the R console
Install from CRAN:
install.packages("CDM")
Install from Github:
library("remotes")
install_github("cran/CDM") Install by package version:
library("remotes")
install_version("CDM", "8.3-14") Attach the package and use:
library("CDM")
Maintained by
Alexander Robitzsch
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]
[Scholar Profile | Author Map]
All associated links for this package
First Published: 2011-10-27
Latest Update: 2025-07-13
Description:
Functions for cognitive diagnosis modeling and multidimensional item response modeling
for dichotomous and polytomous item responses. This package enables the estimation of
the DINA and DINO model (Junker & Sijtsma, 2001, ),
the multiple group (polytomous) GDINA model (de la Torre, 2011,
), the multiple choice DINA model (de la Torre, 2009,
), the general diagnostic model (GDM; von Davier, 2008,
), the structured latent class model (SLCA; Formann, 1992,
) and regularized latent class analysis
(Chen, Li, Liu, & Ying, 2017, ).
See George, Robitzsch, Kiefer, Gross, and Uenlue (2017)
or Robitzsch and George (2019, )
for further details on estimation and the package structure.
For tutorials on how to use the CDM package see
George and Robitzsch (2015, ) as well as
Ravand and Robitzsch (2015).
How to cite:
Alexander Robitzsch (2011). CDM: Cognitive Diagnosis Modeling. R package version 8.3-14, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/CDM. Accessed 25 Aug. 2026.
Previous versions and publish date:
1.0-0 (2011-10-27 21:52), 1.1-0 (2012-07-29 15:29), 1.3-17 (2013-05-15 18:52), 1.4-16 (2013-07-01 17:26), 1.5-12 (2013-07-09 14:01), 2.01-11 (2013-07-27 17:30), 2.2-20 (2013-08-21 11:32), 2.3-15 (2013-09-06 22:01), 2.4-9 (2013-10-24 20:49), 2.5-48 (2014-01-16 20:17), 2.6-13 (2014-01-19 17:16), 2.7-7 (2014-01-30 12:43), 3.0-29 (2014-02-26 09:50), 3.1-14 (2014-03-21 11:38), 3.2-6 (2014-04-23 10:38), 3.3-24 (2014-05-25 10:34), 3.4-21 (2014-08-31 15:03), 4.0 (2014-11-22 00:33), 4.1 (2014-12-17 23:13), 4.2-12 (2015-02-23 17:20), 4.3-0 (2015-06-05 18:00), 4.4-1 (2015-07-01 11:30), 4.5-0 (2015-08-29 13:14), 4.6-0 (2015-11-04 18:41), 4.7-0 (2016-01-30 19:01), 4.8-0 (2016-03-11 00:47), 4.991-1 (2016-05-31 15:57), 5.0-0 (2016-07-11 11:36), 5.1-0 (2016-08-29 12:29), 5.2-1 (2016-10-14 16:22), 5.3-0 (2017-01-12 01:05), 5.4-0 (2017-02-08 12:46), 5.5-21 (2017-04-11 14:27), 5.6-16 (2017-06-17 17:53), 5.7-16 (2017-06-25 09:21), 5.8-9 (2017-08-07 20:42), 5.9-27 (2017-10-06 12:20), 6.0-101 (2017-11-21 09:26), 6.1-10 (2018-02-26 12:46), 6.2-91 (2018-05-02 18:08), 6.3-45 (2018-05-28 20:36), 6.4-23 (2018-07-06 11:20), 6.5-12 (2018-08-16 11:20), 6.6-5 (2018-09-30 15:00), 7.0-12 (2018-11-06 17:20), 7.1-20 (2018-12-13 15:00), 7.2-30 (2019-02-08 12:10), 7.3-17 (2019-03-18 19:33), 7.4-19 (2019-09-05 06:40), 7.5-15 (2020-03-10 16:40), 7.6-11 (2022-04-11 16:52), 8.0-5 (2022-05-02 19:22), 8.1-12 (2022-05-13 10:50), 8.2-6 (2022-08-25 17:12), (2026-07-09 07:59)
Other packages that cited CDM R package
View CDM citation profile
Other R packages that CDM depends,
imports, suggests or enhances
Complete documentation for CDM
Functions, R codes and Examples using
the CDM R package
Some associated functions: CDM-package . CDM-utilities . Data-sim . IRT.IC . IRT.RMSD . IRT.anova . IRT.classify . IRT.compareModels . IRT.data . IRT.expectedCounts . IRT.factor.scores . IRT.frequencies . IRT.irfprob . IRT.irfprobPlot . IRT.itemfit . IRT.jackknife . IRT.likelihood . IRT.marginal_posterior . IRT.modelfit . IRT.parameterTable . IRT.repDesign . WaldTest . anova.din . cdi.kli . cdm.est.class.accuracy . coef . data.Students . data.cdm . data.dcm . data.dtmr . data.ecpe . data.fraction . data.hr . data.jang . data.melab . data.mg . data.pgdina . data.pisa00R . data.sda6 . data.timss03.G8.su . data.timss07.G4.lee . data.timss11.G4.AUT . deltaMethod . din.deterministic . din.equivalent.class . din . din.validate.qmatrix . din_identifiability . discrim.index . entropy.lca . equivalent.dina . eval_likelihood . fraction.subtraction.data . fraction.subtraction.qmatrix . gdd . gdina.dif . gdina . gdina.wald . gdm . ideal.response.pattern . item_by_group . itemfit.rmsea . itemfit.sx2 . logLik . mcdina . modelfit.cor . numerical_Hessian . osink . personfit.appropriateness . plot.din . plot_item_mastery . predict . print.summary.din . reglca . sequential.items . sim.din . sim.gdina . sim_model . skill.cor . skillspace.approximation . skillspace.hierarchy . slca . summary.din . summary_sink . vcov .
Some associated R codes: CDM_rbind_fill.R . CDM_require_namespace.R . CDM_rmvnorm.R . IRT.IC.R . IRT.RMSD.R . IRT.anova.R . IRT.classify.R . IRT.compareModels.R . IRT.data.R . IRT.derivedParameters.R . IRT.expectedCounts.R . IRT.factor.scores.R . IRT.frequencies.R . IRT.irfprob.R . IRT.irfprobPlot.R . IRT.itemfit.R . IRT.jackknife.R . IRT.jackknife.gdina.R . IRT.likelihood.R . IRT.marginal_posterior.R . IRT.modelfit.R . IRT.parameterTable.R . IRT.posterior.R . IRT.predict.R . IRT.predict.R.R . IRT.repDesign.R . IRT.se.R . IRT.se.din.R . IRT_RMSD_calc_distributions.R . IRT_RMSD_calc_md.R . IRT_RMSD_calc_rmsd.R . IRT_RMSD_proc_dist_item.R . IRT_RMSD_summary_print_statistics.R . IRT_frequencies_default.R . IRT_se_gdina.R . IRT_se_gdina_calc_individual_likelihood.R . IRT_se_gdina_calc_skill_distribution.R . RcppExports.R . WaldTest.R . abs_approx.R . abs_approx_D1.R . anova.din.R . array3_sum.R . attach_environment.R . bivariate_table_statistics.R . cat_paste.R . cdi.kli.R . cdm.est.calc.accuracy.R . cdm_add_ridge_diagonal.R . cdm_attach_exported_function.R . cdm_attach_internal_function.R . cdm_calc_increment.R . cdm_calc_increment_regularization.R . cdm_calc_information_criteria.R . cdm_calc_ll_with_counts.R . cdm_calc_posterior.R . cdm_create_vector.R . cdm_est_calc_accuracy_version1.R . cdm_est_calc_accuracy_version1_computation.R . cdm_est_calc_accuracy_version1_print.R . cdm_est_calc_accuracy_version2.R . cdm_est_calc_accuracy_version2_classify_simulated_data.R . cdm_fa1.R . cdm_fisherz.R . cdm_fit_normal.R . cdm_gini.R . cdm_ginv.R . cdm_include_fixed_parameters.R . cdm_increment_trimming_after_mstep.R . cdm_ll_numerical_differentiation.R . cdm_log.R . cdm_matrix1.R . cdm_matrix2.R . cdm_matrixstring.R . cdm_parameter_regularization.R . cdm_pem_acceleration.R . cdm_pem_acceleration_assign_output_parameters.R . cdm_pem_adjust_dimension.R . cdm_pem_algorithm_compute_Pnew.R . cdm_pem_algorithm_compute_t.R . cdm_pem_collect_parameters.R . cdm_pem_create_parameter_index.R . cdm_pem_extract_dimension.R . cdm_pem_extract_parameters.R . cdm_pem_include_ll_args.R . cdm_pem_inits.R . cdm_pem_inits_assign_parmlist.R . cdm_pem_parameter_sequence_initial_iterations.R . cdm_penalty_threshold_elnet.R . cdm_penalty_threshold_lasso.R . cdm_penalty_threshold_mcp.R . cdm_penalty_threshold_ridge.R . cdm_penalty_threshold_scad.R . cdm_penalty_threshold_scadL2.R . cdm_penalty_threshold_tlp.R . cdm_penalty_values.R . cdm_penalty_values_elnet.R . cdm_penalty_values_lasso.R . cdm_penalty_values_mcp.R . cdm_penalty_values_ridge.R . cdm_penalty_values_scad.R . cdm_penalty_values_scadL2.R . cdm_penalty_values_tlp.R . cdm_penalty_values_tlp_approximation.R . cdm_positivity_restriction.R . cdm_print_summary_call.R . cdm_print_summary_computation_time.R . cdm_print_summary_data_frame.R . cdm_print_summary_information_criteria.R . cdm_print_summary_information_criteria_one_criterium.R . cdm_print_summary_package.R . cdm_replace_inf.R . cdm_shrink_positive.R . cdm_sort_unique.R . cdm_squeeze.R . cdm_summary_display.R . cdm_sumnorm.R . cdm_sumnorm_squeeze.R . cdm_tetrachoric.R . cdm_timecat.R . cdm_trim_increment.R . check.input.R . chisq_compute.R . coef.R . confint.din.R . csink.R . dataframe_summary.R . deltaMethod.R . din.R . din.deterministic.R . din.deterministic_alg.R . din.equivalent.class.R . din.partable.R . din.validate.qmatrix.R . din_equivalent_class_latent_response.R . din_identifiability.R . discrim.index.R . discrim_index_computation.R . dpm_calc_probs.R . entropy.lca.R . equivalent.dina.R . equivalent.skillclasses.R . eval_likelihood.R . expand_matrix.R . gdd.R . gdina.R . gdina.dif.R . gdina.wald.R . gdina.wald_aux.R . gdina_attr_rpf_hogdina.R . gdina_attribute_patterns_reduced_skillspace.R . gdina_attribute_structure_hogdina.R . gdina_calc_deviance.R . gdina_calc_expected_counts.R . gdina_calc_ic.R . gdina_calc_individual_likelihood.R . gdina_calc_individual_posterior.R . gdina_calc_loglikelihood.R . gdina_calc_prob.R . gdina_calc_prob_one_item.R . gdina_create_attribute_patterns.R . gdina_create_designmatrices.R . gdina_create_designmatrices_monotonicity_constraints.R . gdina_delta_convert_into_list.R . gdina_designmatrices_create_Aj.R . gdina_designmatrices_create_Aj_general.R . gdina_designmatrices_create_Mj.R . gdina_designmatrices_create_Mj_general.R . gdina_dif_compute.R . gdina_init_class_probabilities.R . gdina_init_item_parameters.R . gdina_itemfit.R . gdina_maximum_parameter_change.R . gdina_mstep_item_ml.R . gdina_mstep_item_ml_algorithm.R . gdina_mstep_item_ml_mono_optim_function.R . gdina_mstep_item_ml_rrum.R . gdina_mstep_item_ml_rrum2.R . gdina_mstep_item_ml_update_parameter.R . gdina_mstep_item_ml_update_parameter_regularization.R . gdina_mstep_item_parameters.R . gdina_mstep_item_parameters_designmatrix.R . gdina_mstep_item_parameters_number_of_regularized_parameters.R . gdina_mstep_item_uls.R . gdina_mstep_mono_constraints_penalty.R . gdina_partable.R . gdina_post_calc_se.R . gdina_post_pattern_output.R . gdina_post_posterior_output.R . gdina_post_skill_pattern.R . gdina_postproc_regularized_constrained_parameters.R . gdina_prob_item_designmatrix.R . gdina_probitem.R . gdina_probs_invlink.R . gdina_proc_check_admissible_rules.R . gdina_proc_define_model_parameters.R . gdina_proc_delta_indices.R . gdina_proc_hogdina_theta_distribution.R . gdina_proc_item_response_patterns.R . gdina_proc_multiple_group_objects.R . gdina_proc_noninvariance_multiple_groups.R . gdina_proc_prior_distribution.R . gdina_proc_prior_distribution_extend_normal.R . gdina_proc_regularization.R . gdina_proc_sequential_items.R . gdina_proc_spec_rrum.R . gdina_proc_split_item_response_patterns.R . gdina_proc_uls_inverse_matrices.R . gdina_progress_em_algorithm.R . gdina_progress_start_estimation.R . gdina_reduced_skillspace.R . gdina_reduced_skillspace_multiple_groups.R . gdina_reduced_skillspace_single_group.R . gdina_se_itemwise.R . gdina_standardize_weights.R . gdm.R . gdm_Qmatrix.R . gdm_calc_counts.R . gdm_calc_deviance.R . gdm_calc_distributionmoments.R . gdm_calc_ic.R . gdm_calc_loglikelihood.R . gdm_calc_post.R . gdm_calc_posterior.R . gdm_calc_prob.R . gdm_collect_itempars.R . gdm_constraints_itempars.R . gdm_constraints_itempars2.R . gdm_create_delta_designmatrix.R . gdm_data_prep.R . gdm_est_a.R . gdm_est_a_cat.R . gdm_est_a_centerslopes.R . gdm_est_a_constraints.R . gdm_est_b.R . gdm_est_b_centerintercepts.R . gdm_est_normalskills.R . gdm_est_skillspace.R . gdm_est_skillspace_traits.R . gdm_inits_b.R . gdm_numdiff_index.R . gdm_person_parameters.R . gdm_prep_calc_counts.R . gdm_proc_response_indicators.R . gdm_progress_em_algorithm.R . gdm_thetadesign.R . ideal.response.pattern.R . item_by_group.R . itemfit.rmsea.R . itemfit.sx2.R . itemfit_rmsea_helper.R . itemfit_sx2_calc_itemfit_oneitem.R . itemfit_sx2_calc_scoredistribution_R.R . jkestimates.R . label_significance_level.R . logLik_CDM.R . log_dgnorm.R . logpars2rrumpars.R . mcdina.R . mcdina.simul.R . mcdina_calc_ic.R . mcdina_calc_se_delta.R . mcdina_check_data.R . mcdina_collect_itempars.R . mcdina_est_item.R . mcdina_est_reduced_skillspace.R . mcdina_init_delta.R . mcdina_proc_item_latent_response.R . mcdina_proc_modify_qmatrix.R . mcdina_proc_qmatrix.R . mcdina_proc_test_latent_response.R . mcdina_skill_patt.R . modelfit.cor.R . modelfit.cor.din.R . modelfit.cor2.R . numerical_Hessian.R . numerical_Hessian_partial.R . numerical_gradient.R . osink.R . personfit.appropriateness.R . plot.din.R . plot.gdina.R . plot.gdm.R . plot.slca.R . plot_gdm_cor_numbers.R . plot_gdm_hist.R . plot_gdm_pers.R . plot_item_mastery.R . plot_item_mastery_main.R . predict.CDM.R . prep_data_long_format.R . print.din.R . print.gdina.R . print.gdm.R . print.mcdina.R . print.slca.R . print.summary.din.R . reduced_skillspace_beta_2_probs.R . reglca.R . reglca_bound_classprobs.R . reglca_calc_counts.R . reglca_calc_deviance.R . reglca_calc_ic.R . reglca_calc_individual_likelihood.R . reglca_calc_individual_posterior.R . reglca_calc_probs.R . reglca_dpm_smoothing.R . reglca_fit_probabilities.R . reglca_fit_probabilities_fit_function.R . reglca_freq_ll.R . reglca_init_parameters.R . reglca_init_parameters_class_probs.R . reglca_init_parameters_item_probs.R . reglca_monitor_random_starts.R . reglca_mstep_item_parameters.R . reglca_normalize_probabilities.R . reglca_proc_data.R . reglca_progress_em_algorithm.R . reglca_scad_threshold.R . reglca_threshold_parameter.R . reglca_update_parameter.R . replace_NA.R . rmsd_chisquare.R . rowMaxs.R . rowProds.R . rowProds2.R . rrum.param.R . rrumpars2logpars.R . sequential.items.R . sim.din.R . sim.gdina.R . sim.gdina.prepare.R . sim_model.R . skill.cor.R . skillspace.approximation.R . skillspace.hierarchy.R . slca.R . slca_calc_class_probabilities.R . slca_calc_counts.R . slca_calc_ic.R . slca_calc_likelihood.R . slca_calc_loglikelihood.R . slca_calc_posterior.R . slca_calc_prob.R . slca_calc_prob0.R . slca_est_Xlambda.R . slca_est_Xlambda_calc_deriv.R . slca_est_Xlambda_calc_increment.R . slca_est_skillspace.R . slca_est_xlambda_constraint.R . slca_inits_Xlambda.R . slca_inits_skill_distribution.R . slca_print_progress_em_algorithm.R . slca_print_progress_end.R . slca_proc_data.R . slca_proc_design_matrix_xlambda.R . slca_proc_multiple_groups.R . slca_proc_regularization.R . slca_set_seed.R . solve_add_ridge.R . summary.IRT.RMSD.R . summary.cdi.kli.R . summary.din.R . summary.din_identifiability.R . summary.discrim.index.R . summary.entropy.lca.R . summary.gdina.R . summary.gdina.dif.R . summary.gdina.wald.R . summary.gdm.R . summary.mcdina.R . summary.reglca.R . summary.slca.R . summary_sink.R . univar_table_statistics.R . vcov.din.R . vcov.loglike.din.R . zzz.R . 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